What are the most common complications after a vasectomy?

The most common complications are mild: bruising, swelling, and temporary discomfort. Some men may also develop minor infections or small hematomas that resolve with conservative care.

What rare but serious complications can occur after a vasectomy?

Serious complications are rare but include large hematomas, severe infection, loss of blood flow to a testicle, chronic pain syndrome (post-vasectomy pain syndrome), or testicular atrophy requiring orchiectomy.

When should I seek urgent medical care after a vasectomy?

Seek emergency care if you experience severe swelling (scrotum the size of an orange or grapefruit), extreme pain, fever or chills, or a testicle that becomes hard, cold, or loses blood flow.

What happens if a testicle atrophies or is removed after vasectomy?

Most men live normal lives with one testicle, which typically produces enough testosterone and sperm for normal function. Some choose a prosthetic for cosmetic reasons, and counseling can help with confidence or body image concerns.

How can I reduce the risk of complications after vasectomy?

Choose an experienced provider, follow post-op care instructions closely, use supportive underwear, avoid heavy lifting for at least a week, and seek care quickly if pain or swelling worsens.

Vasectomy Complications: What to Do Next (2025 Guide)

For most people, vasectomy is a safe and straightforward outpatient procedure. Serious complications are rare, but when they do happen they can be life-changing. Knowing what to look for, when to seek urgent care, and how to navigate follow-up can make a big difference.

Common vs. Rare Complications

Common, usually mild: bruising, mild swelling, discomfort for a few days.
Less common: infection at the incision site, small hematoma, temporary pain.
Rare but serious: large hematoma, severe infection, loss of blood flow to a testicle, chronic pain syndrome (post-vasectomy pain syndrome, PVPS).

When to Seek Immediate Care

Go to A&E/Emergency if you experience:

Severe or rapidly worsening swelling (scrotum the size of an orange/grapefruit).
Uncontrolled or extreme pain.
Fever, chills, or signs of systemic infection.
Testicle turning hard, cold, or showing no blood flow on scan.

These situations may require urgent surgical review, drainage, or even orchiectomy (testicle removal) if blood supply is lost.

Steps After a Major Complication

Document everything: procedure notes, ER records, imaging results.
Request referral to a urologist: ideally someone experienced in complex cases.
Ask about pain management: both short-term (infection recovery) and long-term (nerve-related pain).
Follow up imaging: ultrasounds or Doppler scans to monitor blood flow and atrophy.
Legal/complaint options: if you believe the initial handling was negligent, file a complaint and seek legal advice.

Life After Orchiectomy (If Needed)

Most men adjust physically — the remaining testicle usually produces enough testosterone and sperm for normal function.
Some report changes in body image or confidence — counselling/support groups can help.
A prosthetic testicle can be placed if desired for cosmetic reasons.

Final Thoughts

Complications like large hematomas and testicular infarction are very uncommon, but they do happen. The key is timely recognition and escalation of care. If you or your partner experience unusual pain, swelling, or infection after vasectomy, do not wait it out — push for urgent review.

You can also find trusted vasectomy providers by state in our directory — always ask your surgeon about complication rates and follow-up protocols before booking.

When Vasectomy Complications Happen: What to Do Next

Common vs. Rare Complications

When to Seek Immediate Care

Steps After a Major Complication

Life After Orchiectomy (If Needed)

Final Thoughts