Vasectomy FAQ: Everything You Need to Know (2025)
Thinking about a vasectomy or recovering from one? Below are the most-asked questions with clear, evidence-based answers. Updated for 2025.
General Questions
What is a vasectomy?
A vasectomy blocks the vas deferens so semen no longer contains sperm. It doesn’t affect testosterone, erections, or noticeable ejaculate volume.
How effective is a vasectomy?
Over 99.9% effective once a semen analysis confirms success.
Is vasectomy permanent?
Yes. Reversals exist but are costly ($5k–$15k) and not guaranteed. Consider it permanent.
Does vasectomy affect sex drive or testosterone?
No change in testosterone or libido for the vast majority of men.
Procedure Questions
What types of vasectomy are there?
No-scalpel (puncture) and traditional (small incisions). Both are effective; no-scalpel tends to heal faster.
How long does the procedure take?
Usually 15–30 minutes in the office under local anesthesia.
Will I be put under anesthesia?
General anesthesia is rarely used. You’re awake with local numbing.
Do I need to shave or prep?
Follow your provider’s prep. Many ask you to trim or shave the scrotum the day of, avoid blood thinners for several days, and wear supportive briefs.
Recovery Questions
How long is recovery?
Rest 1–2 days; back to light work in 2–3; light exercise in 1–2 weeks; full activity by 4–6 weeks. See the Recovery Timeline.
When can I have sex?
Often after ~7 days if comfortable. Use birth control until cleared by semen test. Full guide.
How many ejaculations until clear?
Plan for ~20 ejaculations and 8–16 weeks. Only a lab test confirms sterility. Read more.
Is bruising or purple discoloration normal?
Yes—often peaks days 2–5 then fades in 1–2 weeks. Bruising guide.
When can I exercise, run, or cycle?
Walking in 1–2 days; avoid running/cycling/weights ~1 week; full intensity by 2–4 weeks as comfort allows.
Risks & Complications
What are the risks?
Typical: swelling, bruising, mild infection. Rare: sperm granuloma, hematoma, or PVPS (~1–2%).
What if sperm still show up after vasectomy?
Usually delayed clearance. Keep ejaculating and repeat tests. Rarely recanalization occurs and a repeat vasectomy is advised. Full guide.
Hard testicle or firm lump—normal?
Often scar tissue or a small sperm granuloma; usually settles. Seek care if painful, enlarging, red, or with fever. Learn more.
Costs & Coverage
How much does vasectomy cost?
Typically $500–$1,200 self-pay. See Costs by State (2025).
Does insurance cover vasectomy?
Many plans do (not ACA-mandated). Some states offer no-cost coverage. No-cost states.
Long-Term Questions
Will ejaculate volume change?
Barely—sperm are less than 5% of semen; most men don’t notice a difference.
Can vasectomy increase cancer risk?
No credible evidence links vasectomy to higher prostate or testicular cancer risk.
Can vasectomy fail years later?
Late failure is very rare (~1 in 2,000). If pregnancy occurs, a semen test checks for recanalization.